-
1 kekisi langsung
direct lattice -
2 прямая решётка
-
3 прямая решетка
-
4 прямая решетка
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > прямая решетка
-
5 вектор прямой решетки
Русско-английский словарь по электронике > вектор прямой решетки
-
6 вектор прямой решетки
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > вектор прямой решетки
-
7 прямая решётка
1) Metallurgy: real lattice2) Makarov: direct lattice3) Combustion gas turbines: foil lattice (лопаток, профилей) -
8 вектор прямой решётки
Electronics: direct-lattice vectorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > вектор прямой решётки
-
9 вектор прямой решётки
фтт direct lattice vectorРусско-английский физический словарь > вектор прямой решётки
-
10 диффузия
ж. diffusionдиффузия ведёт к равномерному распределению вещества по всему занимаемому объёму — diffusion establishes a uniform concentration of a component in all parts of the enclosure
-
11 Wöhler, August
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germanyd. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany[br]German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.[br]Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.[br]Bibliography1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.Further ReadingR.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.20:21–37.J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.ASD
См. также в других словарях:
direct lattice — tiesioginė gardelė statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. direct lattice vok. direktes Gitter, n rus. прямая решётка, f pranc. réseau direct, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Direct bonding — describes a wafer bonding process without any additional intermediate layers. The bonding process is based on chemical bonds between two surfaces of any material possible meeting numerous requirements.[1] These requirements are specified for the… … Wikipedia
Lattice (order) — See also: Lattice (group) The name lattice is suggested by the form of the Hasse diagram depicting it. Shown here is the lattice of partitions of a four element set {1,2,3,4}, ordered by the relation is a refinement of . In mathematics, a… … Wikipedia
Direct and indirect band gaps — In semiconductor physics, the band gap of a semiconductor is always one of two types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap. The band gap is called direct if the momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the… … Wikipedia
Lattice (discrete subgroup) — In Lie theory and related areas of mathematics, a lattice in a locally compact topological group is a discrete subgroup with the property that the quotient space has finite invariant measure. In the special case of subgroups of R n , this amounts … Wikipedia
Direct digital synthesizer — A DDS function generator. Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is a type of frequency synthesizer used for creating arbitrary waveforms from a single, fixed frequency reference clock. Applications of DDS include: signal generation, local oscillators… … Wikipedia
Reciprocal lattice — In physics, the reciprocal lattice of a lattice (usually a Bravais lattice) is the lattice in which the Fourier transform of the spatial function of the original lattice (or direct lattice) is represented. This space is also known as momentum… … Wikipedia
réseau direct — tiesioginė gardelė statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. direct lattice vok. direktes Gitter, n rus. прямая решётка, f pranc. réseau direct, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Congruence lattice problem — In mathematics, the congruence lattice problem asks whether every algebraic distributive lattice is isomorphic to the congruence lattice of some other lattice. The problem was posed by Robert P. Dilworth, and for many years it was one of the most … Wikipedia
Completely distributive lattice — In the mathematical area of order theory, a completely distributive lattice is a complete lattice in which arbitrary joins distribute over arbitrary meets. Formally, a complete lattice L is said to be completely distributive if, for any doubly… … Wikipedia
Modular lattice — Hasse diagram of N5, the smallest non modular lattice. In the branch of mathematics called order theory, a modular lattice is a lattice that satisfies the following self dual condition: Modular law x ≤ b implies… … Wikipedia